Citing sources & evaluating web sites
The following works cited information is taken from the MLA (Modern Language Association) version for citing sources.
BASIC FORMS FOR PRINT AND ONLINE SOURCES
The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers provides extensive examples covering a wide variety of potential sources. If your particular case is not covered here, use the basic forms to determine the correct format and consult the MLA Handbook.
PLEASE NOTICE THAT WHEN THERE ARE TWO OR THREE LINES
IN A BIBLIOGRAPHY, THE SECOND AND THIRD LINES ARE
INDENTED FIVE SPACES.
A BOOK
Book with one author
Berkman, Robert I. Find It Fast: How to Uncover Expert Information on Any Subject. 4th ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1990.
Book with an editor
Feldmen, Paula R., ed. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1997.
Two books by the same author
(After the first listing of the author's name, use three hyphens and a period for the author's name. List books alphabetically.)
Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St. Martin's, 1997.
---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1993.
Book with more than one author
TWO AUTHORS
Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000.
THREE AUTHORS
Marquart, James W., Sheldon Ekland Olson, and Jonathan R. Sorenson.
The Rope, the Chair, and the Needle:Capital Punishment in Texas.
Austin: U of Texas P, 1994.
BOOK FROM A MULTIVOLUME SET
Wheeler, Keith. The Alaskans.. Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, Inc.
The Old West. 30 volumes. 1973-1979.
CORPORATE AUTHOR'S NAME NOT IN TITLE
American Medical Women's Association. Guide to Nutrition and
Wellness. New York: Dell, 1990.
ARTICLE FROM A REFERENCE BOOK
DICTIONARY
FAMILIAR REFERENCE DICTIONARY
When citing familiar reference dictionaries, do not give full publication information. List only the edition and the year of publication.
"Word looked up." The American Heritage Dictionary. 4th ed. 2001
If you are citing a specific definition, among several, add the abbreviation Def. and the appropriate designation (eg., number, letter).
"Word looked up." Def. 4b. The American Heritage Dictionary. 4th ed. 2001
LESS FAMILIAR REFERENCE DICTIONARY
When citing less familiar reference dictionaries, especially those that have appeared in only one edition, give full publication information.
Allen, Anita L. "Captial Punishment." Black's Law Dictionary 1 Vol. New York: Scribner's, 1987.
ENCYCLOPEDIA
ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE WITH AN AUTHOR
Aiken, Charles S. "Tennessee." The World Book Encyclopedia. 2002 ed.
ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE WHICH HAS NO AUTHOR
"Holocaust." Compton's Encyclopedia. 1999 ed.
A MULTIVOLUME REFERENCE
If you are using more than one volume in the set, cite the total number of volumes:
Sadie, Stanley, ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians 11 Vols. New York: Macmillan, 1980.
If you are using just one volume in the set, cite that volume:
Frankfurter, Felix. "Holmes, Oliver Wendel." Dictionary of American
Biography. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972.
AN ARTICLE FROM PERIODICAL (such as a newspaper or magazine)
POPULAR MAGAZINE
Author's last name, First name. "Title of Article." Magazine Title
p (day) month year:page numbers.
Edelman, Marian W. "Save the Children. Ebony. Aug. 1986: 53+.
Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time. 20 Nov. 2000: 70-71.
ACADEMIC JOURNAL ARTICLES
Author's last name, First name. "Article Title." Magazine Title volume. (Issue number if the volume is not paginated continuously) (Year of publication): beginning page-ending page (if consecutive).
Murphy, Richard. "Anorexia: The Cheating Disorder." College English. (1996): 898-903.
Stemer, Michael. "Closing the Gate: The Persian Gulf War Revisited." Current History. 96. 606 (1997): 13-19.
NEWSPAPER
Author's last name, First name. "Article Title." Newspaper Title (city of publication if not in the title) day month year: section and page information.
Naik, Gautman. "Braving Sharks, Waves to Lay Phone Line." Wall Street Journal. 12 Sept. 1997: B1+.
Bigness, Jon. "Cars Evolve into Rolling Computers." Chicago Tribune. 15 Sept. 1997:B1+.
NEWSPAPERS-MICROFORM
Chieper, Randy. "Welfare Reform Debates." New York Times. Apr. 1994. late ed.: A12.
Newsbank: Welfare and Social Problems. 17 Sept. (1994):
fiche 2, grids A9-13.
AN ELECTONIC DATABASE
ARTICLE IN REFERENCE DATABASE (ENCYCLOPEDIA)
ARTICLE WITH AN AUTHOR
Author's last name, First name. "Name of article." Name of Encyclopedia. Year of encyclopedia.
Producer of encyclopedia. Date of access. URL address.
Loving, Jerome. "Dickinson, Emily." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
2003. Encyclopedia Britannica. 11 Aug. 2003
<http://www.encarta.com
ARTICLE WHICH HAS NO AUTHOR
"Name of article." Name of Encyclopedia. Year of encyclopedia.
Producer of encyclopedia. Date of access. URL address.
"Dickinson, Emily." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
2003. EncyclopediaBritannica. 11Aug.1999 < http://www.encarta.com>
AN ARTICLE IN AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE
CD-ROM
NON-PERIODICAL PUBLICATION
The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. CD-ROM. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.
PERIODICAL PUBLICATION
Author's last name, First name. "Article Title." Name of electronic journal. Date of publication:Volume number. Pages. Name of CD-ROM. CD-ROM. Name of Disbributor. Date of access.
Russo, Michelle Cash. "TV Takes the Fall in Violence Poll." RQ: Reference Quarterly Publication.Dec 1992:36. 178-83. Infotrac: Magazine Index Plus. CD-ROM. Information Access. Dec. 2004.
ONLINE SOURCES
ELECTRONIC JOURNAL
Author's last name, First name. "Article Title." Name of electronic journal.Volume number:Issue number. Date of publication. Pages. Name of database. Name of distributor. Name of institution. Date of access <Web site address.>
Mitler, Merrill M., et al. "The Sleep of Long-Haul Truck Drivers." The New England Journal of Medicine On-Line. 337:11. 12 Dec 2004. 431+. Electric Library. Proquest. Waverly High School. 8 May 2004 <http://elibrary.bigchalk.com.>
ONLINE NEWSPAPER
ARTICLE WITH AN AUTHOR
Author's last name, First name. "Article title." Name of publication. Original publication date. Date of access <Web site address>
Seidman, Carrie "Jurassic Mac: Dentist Builds Business on Computer Generated Dinosaur Models." Albuquerque Journal. 17 Sept. 1997. 22 Dec. 1998 <http://www.abqjournal.com/scitech/1sci2/11.htm>
ARTICLE WITH NO AUTHOR
"Senior Fitness." New York Times on the Web 27 May 2002. 20 May 2006.
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/27/technology/circuits/16CHUR.html
AN EDITORIAL
"Keeping College Doors Open." Editorial. Christian Science Monitor.
16 May 2002. 20 May 2006. http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0516/p08s03-comv.html.
WEB SITES
Author's last name, First name. "Title." (Title of complete work.) (Date of document, if available.) Date of your visit. <Web site address>
Clark, Liesl. "Ice Mummies of the Inca." Lost Worlds: The Sacrificial Ceremony.17 April 1997. 17 Sept. 1997 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/nova/peru/worlds/sacrifice1.html>
OTHER SOURCES
E-Mail Communication
Melich, Stan. "Reply to Gettysburg query." E-mail to author. 3 Jan. 1998.
An Interview
Brooks, Sarah. Personal interview. 15 Oct. 2002.
Musical compact disc
SELECTION WITH COMPOSER
Campbell, Don, comp. "Prestissimo, Serinade." The Mozart Effect: Music
For Children. Salzburg Chamber Orchestra. CD-ROM. The Childrens
Group Inc., 1997.
SELECTION WITH NO COMPOSER
"Prestissimo, Serinade." The Mozart Effect: Music
For Children. Salzburg Chamber Orchestra. CD-ROM. The Childrens
Group Inc., 1997.
A Videocassette
How to Leave Your Job and Buy a Business of Your Own. Videocassette. Self-Reliance Press, 1990.
ANOTHER BIBLIOBRAPHY SITE
This web site will allow you to type in your information and then will put the information in the proper order. It will give you both the MLA and APA
formats.
CITATION MACHINE
http://citationmachine.net/
EVALUATING WEB SITES
A Checklist of Questions for Evaluating Web Sites
* Who is the author/source?
* What are the author's reputation and qualifications in the subject covered?
* Is the information on the site accurate?
* Is the information presented in an objective, balanced manner?
* How does the site compare with other sites on the same subject?
* Does the site contribute something unique on the subject?
* Is the material on the site covered adequately?
* How current is the information?
* Is the site appropriate for the intended audience?
* Is the information well-written?
* How stable is the connection to the site?
* How well is the site maintained?
* Does the site tell you when it was last updated?
* If there are links to other sites, do they work?
* Is it easy to move around and locate information on the site?
* Does the site require additional software or hardware?
*Do illustrations, video, or audio add value to the site?
District 145 Public Schools
and
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